Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako)

Case Report: Analysis of Drug Related Problems (DRP's) in Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis PNSD Ctp B, Chronic Hepatitis B, Dyspepsia Syndrome, Hypoalbuminemia and Hepatic Function Disorders

Husnawati Husnawati; Dian Aradziluna, Mutia Bidriah — Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by fibrosis and replacement of normal liver tissue with abnormal nodules. The main etiologies include hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, alcohol-related liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of liver cirrhosis based on autopsy findings is around 2.4% in Western countries, while in the United States it is estimated at 360 per 100,000 population, causing approximately 35,000 deaths annually. Objective: This case report aims to describe the treatment and identify drug-related problems (DRPs) in a patient diagnosed with PNSD CTP B liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B, dyspepsia syndrome, hypoalbuminemia, and impaired liver function. Method: This study employed a case report design with primary data obtained from patient interviews and retrospective documentation review. Data were analyzed using the SOAP method to identify DRPs. Results: The analysis revealed minor drug interactions, including spironolactone–furosemide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)–morphine sulfate tablet (MST), and cefixime–furosemide. Conclusion: Patients with complex comorbidities are at increased risk of DRPs. Continuous pharmacotherapy monitoring is essential to minimize toxicity and adverse effects.

Description of Antibiotic Use for Pediatric Pharyngitis Patients at Ibnu Sina YW-UMI Hospital, Makassar, 2022-2023

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, especially Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in children. The Centor score helps identify bacterial cases. In Indonesia, respiratory tract infections account for 25% of illnesses, with Group A Streptococcus causing 5–36% of pharyngitis cases. Objective: To describe antibiotic use in pediatric pharyngitis patients at Ibnu Sina YW-UMI Hospital, Makassar, in 2022–2023. Methods: A retrospective study included patients aged 5–18 years diagnosed with pharyngitis. Data on age, sex, antibiotic type, and treatment duration were collected. Results: Seventy-one patients were analyzed; most were aged 5–9 years (50.7%) and male (66.2%). The most common treatment duration was 4 days (25.4%). Cephalosporins were the most used antibiotics, particularly 3rd generation (76.1%). Ceftriaxone was most prescribed (39.4%), followed by combination antibiotics (32.4%) and other cephalosporins like cefadroxyl and cefixime (8.5% each). Conclusion: Pediatric pharyngitis predominantly affects males aged 5–9 years. The average treatment duration is 4 days, with 3rd-generation cephalosporins, especially ceftriaxone, being the most commonly used antibiotics

Comparison of The Sensitivity of Generic and Branded Ciprofloxacin Antibiotics Against Salmonella Typhi

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background. Salmonella typhi is the leading cause of typhoid fever, a gastrointestinal infection that resulted in about 9 million cases and 110,000 deaths globally in 2019. One of the drugs that is currently often used in the treatment of this disease is ciprofloxacin. Over time, more and more bacteria are experiencing drug resistance, including to these drugs. In addition, many patients also doubt the quality of generic ciprofloxacin drugs because they are cheaper than branded drugs. In fact, the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. HK.02.02/MENKES/068/I/2010 requires the use of generic drugs in government health facilities. Primary Objective: This study aimed to see and compare the sensitivity of generic and branded ciprofloxacin antibiotics in inhibiting Salmonella typhi. Methodology: This study was an antibiotic sensitivity test by the agar diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). Results: The results showed that one generic ciprofloxacin and seven branded classes still had sensitive inhibitory power and there was no significant difference between the generic and branded groups. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between generic and branded antibiotics between generic and branded antibiotics ciprofloxacin against Salmonella typhi.

Description of The Degree of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Teachers at Wahdah Islamic School 03 Makassar

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The teaching profession is essential for student development but can cause stress, anxiety, and depression. Workload and professional demands contribute to emotional exhaustion, teaching burnout, and reduced teaching effectiveness, impacting both teachers’ well-being and the learning environment. Objective: To assess stress, anxiety, and depression levels among teachers at Wahdah Islamic School 03 Makassar Elementary School. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted to evaluate the degree of stress, anxiety, and depression among elementary school teachers at Wahdah Islamic School 03 Makassar. Results: Most teachers experienced high stress, primarily due to workload and professional demands. Anxiety levels were moderate to severe in the majority of subjects, affecting performance and workplace well-being. Depression was also observed, with a small percentage showing severe symptoms, highlighting the need for psychological support. Conclusion: Teachers at Wahdah Islamic School 03 Makassar Elementary School experience significant stress, anxiety, and depression, influenced by workload and professional responsibilities. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing psychological support and mental health interventions to improve teacher well-being and maintain an effective learning environment.

The Relationship Between Feeding Patterns and Stunting in Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in the Working Area of the Gisting Community Health Center, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung

Luthfiana Fajrin Azzahra, Firmansyah Firmansyah — Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Feeding patterns significantly influence stunting. Eating habits in children affect growth and development since food provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Objective: To analyze the relationship between feeding patterns and stunting in toddlers in the Working Area of the Gisting Community Health Center, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung. Method: This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Cluster random sampling was used, involving 82 mothers of toddlers as respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Feeding patterns were measured with the Child Feeding Questionnaire, while consumption patterns were assessed through a 24-hour recall. Stunting was identified using anthropometric measurements based on height-for-age and converted into z-scores. Results: Most toddlers had inappropriate feeding patterns (53.7%), while the majority were not stunted (62.2%). The chi-square test showed a significant relationship with p = 0.000. Conclusion: There is a significant association between feeding patterns and stunting in toddlers aged 24–59 months. Mothers should fulfill children’s nutritional needs by applying balanced and varied diets according to age requirements.

The Relationship Between History of Infectious Diseases and Immunization Status With Stunting Incidence in Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months at the Tamalate Health Center, Makassar City in 2024

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Stunting remains a major nutritional problem in Indonesia, affecting not only children’s physical growth but also cognitive development, academic performance, susceptibility to degenerative diseases, and future productivity. Addressing stunting is therefore essential to improve human resources quality. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between history of infectious diseases and immunization status with the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24–59 months at Tamalate Health Center, Makassar City, in 2024. Methods: This was a quantitative study using an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 68 stunted toddlers were included using purposive sampling. Data collected covered age, sex, nutritional status, history of acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, and immunization status. Results: Most stunted toddlers were aged 24–35 months (41.2%), female (51.5%), short stature (83.8%), had a history of ARI (58.8%), no history of diarrhea (83.8%), and incomplete immunization (54.6%). Statistical analysis showed no significant association between history of ARI (p=0.174), diarrhea (p=0.124), or immunization status (p=0.096) and stunting incidence. Conclusion: History of infectious diseases and immunization status were not significantly related to stunting incidence in toddlers aged 24–59 months at Tamalate Health Center, Makassar

The Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education With SIKOMJARU Media on Compression Quality in Lay Community

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Cardiac arrest is an emergency condition requiring rapid treatment, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills are essential to improve the victim's chances of survival. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation education using SIKOMJARU media on compression quality in lay people in Kalisaleh village, Pemalang district. Methods: The method used was pre-experimental with a one group pretest and posttest design approach, involving 40 respondents from the local community. Before the intervention, respondents showed low understanding and skills in performing chest compressions. After receiving education and training using SIKOMJARU media, respondents practiced CPR techniques better. Results: The analysis results showed a significant improvement in compression quality, with a p value <0.05, indicating the effectiveness of SIKOMJARU media in improving respondents' knowledge and skills. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that cardiopulmonary resuscitation education with SIKOMJARU media can improve the community's ability to provide first aid to cardiac arrest victims, thus expected to contribute to increasing survival rates among these communities.

Characteristics of Inguinal Hernia Patients at Massenrempulu Hospital for the Period of 2023

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Hernia is a condition that can occur at all ages, characterized by a lump that appears and disappears. Inguinal hernia is the most common type, with lateral inguinal hernia accounting for 50%, medial 25%, and femoral 15%. About 15% of adults suffer from inguinal hernia, with prevalence increasing from 5–8% at ages 25–40 years to 45% at age 75. Hernia repair remains the most effective general surgical procedure. Objective: To determine the characteristics of inguinal hernia patients at Massenrempulu Hospital in 2023 based on age, occupation, classification, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: This study used a descriptive method with an observational design. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution according to research variables. Results: Inguinal hernia was more common in patients aged >66 years (45.9%), in heavy work occupations (70.3%), and classified predominantly as indirect/lateral inguinal hernia (94.6%). Based on BMI, most patients were in the overweight category (54.1%). Conclusion: At Massenrempulu Hospital in 2023, inguinal hernia was mostly found in patients aged >66 years, engaged in heavy work, with indirect/lateral classification, and overweight BMI

Characteristics of Thyroid Eye Disease Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune orbital disorder frequently associated with Graves’ disease, marked by orbital fat expansion and extraocular muscle swelling that may impair vision and quality of life. Objective: To describe the characteristics of TED patients at RSUP Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar based on age, gender, clinical manifestations, management, and smoking history. Methods: A descriptive study of 55 TED patients recorded at RSUP Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Results: Most patients were aged 20–44 years (60%), followed by 45–64 years (34.55%) and 13–19 years (5.45%), with no cases above 65 years. Females predominated (61.82%). The most common symptom was proptosis (100%), followed by excessive tearing (49.09%), red eyes (27.27%), refractive errors (23.64%), diplopia (10.91%), pain during eye movement (7.27%), and photophobia (7.27%). The main treatment was intravenous methylprednisolone plus thiamazole (47.27%), followed by intravenous methylprednisolone alone (18.18%), thyrozol (18.18%), and propranolol (9.09%). One patient (1.82%) underwent orbital decompression. Active smoking was reported in 32.73% of patients. Conclusion: TED patients were predominantly females aged 20–44 years, with proptosis as the leading manifestation. The most common management was intravenous methylprednisolone combined with thiamazole. Smoking may worsen disease severity

Comparison of Antibacterial Activity Tests of 70% and 96% Ethanol Extract on Siam Sambas Orange Leaves (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa)

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Antibiotic resistance against bacterial infections such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, prevalent in tropical regions, necessitates alternative treatments. One potential solution is utilizing secondary metabolites found in Sambas Siamese orange leaves. These compounds may serve as antibacterial agents. Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of 70% and 96% ethanol as solvents for extracting secondary metabolites from Sambas Siamese orange leaves. Methods: Extraction was performed using two types of solvents (70% and 96% ethanol) to obtain secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), and data were analyzed with One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Extraction with 96% ethanol yielded flavonoids (+++), terpenoids (++), steroids (++), and phenols (++). Meanwhile, extraction with 70% ethanol produced Mayer alkaloids (++), flavonoids (++), saponins (+), steroids (+++), and phenols (+++). The 96% ethanol solvent was more effective in extracting limonene compounds from the leaves. Conclusion: The 96% ethanol solvent demonstrated higher effectiveness compared to 70% ethanol in extracting secondary metabolites, particularly limonene, which has potential antibacterial properties, from Sambas Siamese orange leaves

Characteristics of Hypertension Patients at Lanto Dg Pasewang Jeneponto Regional General Hospital 2022-2023

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension (blood pressure >/140/90 mmHg), contribute to heart and vascular damage. Risk factors include non-modifiable factors (age, gender, family history) and modifiable factors (smoking, behavior, alcohol). Objective: This study aimed to identify the characteristics and risk factors of hypertensive patients at RSUD Lanto DG Pasewang Jeneponto. Methods: A descriptive study using secondary data from medical records of hypertensive patients at RSUD Lanto DG Pasewang Jeneponto was conducted in September 2024. Data were analyzed descriptively by age, gender, hypertension grade, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. Results: A total of 93 patients were included. Most patients were aged 61–70 years (31.2%), followed by 51–60 years (26.9%). Females (59.1%) were more affected than males (40.9%). The majority (92.5%) had grade 2 hypertension. Based on BMI, 63.4% were normal, 21.5% overweight, and the rest underweight, obese, or grade 2 obese. Comorbidities included heart disease (76.3%), diabetes (14%), and kidney failure (9.7%). Conclusion: Most hypertensive patients at RSUD Lanto DG Pasewang Jeneponto were aged 60–70 years, female, had normal nutritional status, grade 2 hypertension, and a history of heart disease.

Risk Factors for the Incidence of Cholelithiasis at Ibnu Sina Makassar Hospital for the 2021-2023 Period

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Cholelithiasis is an important health problem with severity and septic complications related to the type of gallstone. Several risk factors also influence the incidence of cholelithiasis. Objective: This study aims to determine the distribution of cholelithiasis patients based on gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, childbearing age in women, triglyceride levels, and total cholesterol levels at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar in the period 2021 to 2023. Method: This type of research is descriptive using a Cross Sectional Study approach, namely explaining the risk factors for the incidence of cholelithiasis at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. Results: The distribution of cholelithiasis patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar in 2021-2023 shows that the risk factors are mostly female, overweight/obesity, age >40 years, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. However, women of childbearing age suffer less from cholelithiasis than older women. Conclusion: Cholelithiasis at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar in 2021-2023 is more common in women, >40 years of age, overweight/obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia, with a lower incidence in women of childbearing age compared to old age.

Literature Review: The Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (Olea europaea L.) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Olive oil, especially Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), which contains polyphenols and phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids and oleuropein, has long been utilized to enhance human health and exhibits potential antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium often responsible for severe infections and resistance to various antibiotics. Objective: To investigate the antibacterial properties of extra virgin olive oil (Olea europaea L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Method: A literature review study obtained from the internet, including theses, journals, textbooks, and e-books. The databases used were Google Scholar, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and PubMed NCBI. Results: Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) demonstrates antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on findings from 10 journals. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, oleuropein, and hydroxytyrosol are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa through mechanisms that include inhibiting quorum sensing, damaging the cell wall, increasing membrane permeability, and inhibiting biofilm formation and virulence factors. Olive leaf extract and combinations with nanoparticles further enhance antibacterial effectiveness against resistant strains, making EVOO a potential natural antibacterial agent. Conclusion: Olive oil, particularly Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), contains bioactive compounds such as oleacein, oleocanthal, polyphenols, flavonoids, oleuropein, and hydroxytyrosol, which exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PD-1 and PDL-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Emerging Hope for the Future of Lung Cancer Immunotherapy

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) being the most common type. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 have emerged as a promising first-line treatment approach in combating cancer. Objectives: This literature review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC. It also explores the potential of these inhibitors to improve patient survival rates compared to conventional therapies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and NCBI, with keywords including "PD-1," "PD-L1," "NSCLC," "lung cancer," and "immunotherapy." Results: All four inhibitors significantly improve survival rates compared to traditional chemotherapy. Atezolizumab and pembrolizumab show high effectiveness in patients with high PD-L1 expression. Durvalumab, when combined with chemotherapy, overcomes resistance mechanisms. Nivolumab, enhancing survival rates. Conclusion: PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors provide substantial benefits in the treatment of NSCLC, including increased survival rates and reduced need for aggressive therapies. Further research should focus on optimizing combination therapies to expand the therapeutic benefits of these inhibitors.

Description of Appendicitis Patients Post-Appendectomy at Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe Hospital Gorontalo in 2023

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Appendicitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the appendix caused by obstruction of the lumen. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), appendicitis ranked eighth as a global cause of death in 2014. Objective: To describe the characteristics of post-appendectomy appendicitis patients at Aloei Saboe Hospital, Gorontalo, in 2023. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in June–August 2024 at Aloei Saboe Hospital, Gorontalo. The population included appendicitis patients who underwent appendectomy between January–December 2023. Using purposive sampling, 98 patient medical records were analyzed. Data were described based on gender, age, and surgical procedure. Results: Most patients were female (64.3%). The highest age distribution was late adolescence (17–25 years) at 39.8%. The most frequent surgical technique performed was open appendectomy (53.1%), followed by other procedures. Conclusion: At Aloei Saboe Hospital, the majority of post-appendectomy appendicitis patients were female, predominantly in late adolescence, with open appendectomy being the most common surgical method. These findings are expected to provide useful information and education for individuals with high-risk factors for appendicitis.

Different Sepsis Patient Outcomes Due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDRO): A Study of Empirical Antibiotic Sensitivity Test Results

Fadrian Fadrian, Armen Ahmad, Astrid Harvindra, Vidola Yasena Putri — Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Sepsis, a severe immune response to infection, has a concerning global mortality rate of 85%, predominantly due to Gram-negative bacteria. The rise of antibiotic resistance in these organisms complicates treatment, leading to higher mortality and prolonged hospital stays. Effective empirical antibiotics can mitigate these outcomes. Objective: This study compares outcomes of sepsis patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) based on empirical antibiotic sensitivity testing, focusing on mortality and length of stay (LOS) within 14 days of sepsis onset. Methods: A prospective cohort observational study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital included 94 participants. Patients who died within 14 days were excluded from the LOS analysis to prevent bias. Initial assessments included culture sampling and organ dysfunction. Results: The study revealed no significant difference in mortality based on antibiotic sensitivity (p=0.283), but the LOS was significantly shorter in those treated with sensitive antibiotics (p<0.016). Conclusion: LOS was significantly affected by antibiotic sensitivity, with patients receiving effective antibiotics experiencing shorter stays, though mortality differences were not statistically significant in the 14-day window

Characteristics of Osteoarthritis Genu Patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar Based on Clinical Manifestations, Body Mass Index, and Radiological Imaging

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a major cause of chronic pain and disability in the elderly. Obesity is a key risk factor, as excess body weight increases pressure on knee joints. Clinical and radiological assessments are essential to determine disease severity. Objective: To describe the characteristics of knee osteoarthritis patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar during 2023–2024 based on clinical manifestations, body mass index (BMI), and radiological imaging. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of 63 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Variables analyzed included clinical manifestations, BMI, and radiological grading. Results: Of 63 patients, most (50.8%) presented with bilateral knee pain as the main complaint, while 25.4% experienced knee swelling. BMI analysis showed that the largest proportion of patients were in obesity class I (30.2%). Radiological imaging revealed that 41.3% were classified as grade II according to the Kellgren and Lawrence criteria. Conclusion: Knee osteoarthritis patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar were predominantly characterized by bilateral knee pain, obesity class I, and grade II radiological severity. Interventions such as weight management, physiotherapy, and public education on joint health are important to reduce risk and slow disease progression

The Correlation Between Knowledge of Pregnant Women and the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnancy in the Working Area of Puskesmas Nagrak

Elsa Susanti, Dhinny Novryanthi, Ria Andriani — Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a global health issue with a prevalence of 48.9% in Indonesia (Riskesdas, 2018). This condition is influenced by iron deficiency (50% of cases), dietary patterns, and socioeconomic factors. Previous studies indicate a correlation between maternal knowledge and anemia incidence, yet research in the Puskesmas Nagrak area remains limited. Objective: To identify the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and anemia incidence in the working area of Puskesmas Nagrak. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study involving 70 pregnant women in trimesters 1-3. Data were collected using Guttman-scale questionnaires and secondary data from maternal health records. Chi-Square test (a=0.05) was used for analysis. Results: 52.9% of respondents had anemia (Hb<11 g/dL). Women with low knowledge (38.6%) showed the highest anemia risk (p<0.000). Education level (57.1% junior high graduates) and occupation (92.9% housewives) significantly contributed. Conclusion: Knowledge level significantly affects anemia incidence. Community-based health education interventions are recommended to improve immunization coverage and Fe tablet consumption.

The Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Factors With the Implementation of Smoke-Free Areas in the Campus Environment: Literature Review

Hanan Aliya Putri, Ayu Khoirotul Umaroh — Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The prevalence of smoking among Indonesians aged >/ 15 years was 36.3% in 2013 and decreased to 33.8% in 2018 (Riskesdas). The Smoke-Free Area (SFA) policy aims to minimize the adverse health impacts of smoking. Compliance in campus settings requires the academic community to follow regulations, such as refraining from smoking in designated SFA zones. Objective: To identify significant factors knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with compliance to the SFA policy in the campus environment. Methods: A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA approach, using databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles, quantitative cross-sectional studies with bivariate analysis, published in Indonesian or English between 2013–2023. Results: Four eligible articles were reviewed. Two focused on knowledge as a factor, two on attitudes, and one on behaviors influencing compliance. Findings indicate that higher knowledge levels, positive attitudes, and supportive behaviors contribute to improved adherence to SFA implementation in campuses. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are significant factors in enhancing compliance with SFA policies. Promoting awareness and cultivating positive behavioral changes among the academic community can strengthen the success of smoke-free campus initiatives

Spatial Pattern Analysis and Determinants of Stunting Prevalence in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: Using Linear Regression, Local Moran’s I, and Random Forest Approaches

Adhar Arifuddin, Achmad Fauzan, Raden Bagus Fajriya Hakim, A Fahira Nur — Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in Central Sulawesi, where socio-economic and environmental factors contribute to its prevalence. Understanding these determinants is crucial for effective intervention strategies. Objective: This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution and predictors of stunting prevalence in Central Sulawesi, focusing on socio-economic and environmental factors. Methods: An observational design was employed, utilizing secondary data from the Central Sulawesi Provincial Health Department. Spatial analysis, including Moran’s I and Local Moran’s I, assessed spatial autocorrelation and identified outliers. Regression analysis and Random Forest modeling examined predictors of stunting prevalence. Results: The study found significant spatial clustering in stunting prevalence. Key socio-economic factors identified were maternal education and household income, with poverty being the most influential predictor. Random Forest analysis highlighted sanitation and access to health facilities as important, although access to clean water did not show a significant effect. Conclusion: The findings provide valuable insights into the socio-economic determinants of stunting and emphasize the need for targeted, comprehensive intervention strategies focusing on improving maternal education and addressing poverty, along with enhancing healthcare access in Central Sulawesi