Non-Pharmacological Management Aspects of Patients with HIV Infection: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health challenge, with rising prevalence in Indonesia. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) is central to treatment, non-pharmacological interventions are crucial for addressing psychosocial, nutritional, and behavioral aspects influencing outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Objectives: This scoping review aimed to map evidence on non-pharmacological management for PLWH, summarize interventions, and identify gaps for clinical and policy development. Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR framework, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible designs included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort, and qualitative research evaluating non-pharmacological interventions. Data extraction covered study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. Results: From 630 records, 7 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions included nutritional counseling, psychosocial therapy, peer support, and multi-component strategies. These consistently improved quality of life, mental health, adherence, and nutritional status, although effects on viral suppression varied. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological strategies complement ART by addressing broader health determinants and enhancing patient-centered outcomes. Their integration into HIV care may strengthen adherence, sustainability, and holistic well-being, particularly in resource-limited settings.