The Implementation of CAD/CAM Technology for Feeding Obturator Fabrication in Cleft Lip and Palate Infants: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Infants born with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) face severe feeding difficulties. Conventional fabrication of feeding obturators relies on impression techniques that carry procedural risks and cause stress for both infants and parents. Recent advances in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) provide a digital alternative for obturator fabrication. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical and technical outcomes of digital workflows compared to conventional techniques in fabricating neonatal feeding obturators. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively synthesized. Results: Findings consistently demonstrated that digital workflows using intraoral scanning (IOS) and 3D printing provide significantly higher accuracy, better fit, and improved retention of feeding obturators. Moreover, digital fabrication markedly reduces physical and psychological stress for infants and parents. Clinicians also reported greater efficiency and safety with digital methods compared to conventional impression-based approaches. Conclusion: The digital workflow represents a safer, more efficient, and more accurate approach for fabricating feeding obturators in infants with CL/P. Wider adoption of this technique may support a paradigm shift in clinical practice, although further high-quality trials are needed to confirm long-term clinical and economic benefits.